Chapter 16 Imperial China 16.2 The Government of Imperial China According to the Mandate of Heaven, when can people overthrow the emperor? When he rules badly. What is a bureaucracy? An organized group of government officials What happened when the bureaucracy in China became corrupt?
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page #HandoutDate12/2422/2432/244Dynasties Do Now (W hy do kings rule? Where do they get their power from? Why do people listen to them?)2/2552/2562/2672/278Belief Systems Do Now ( Why do kings rule? Where do they get their power from? Why do people listen to them?) and( How does a new religion or philosophy begin?)3/33/493/3103/4113/5123/513Do Now - March 6 ( How do we spread ideas and beliefs?
How do you get the things you need in everyday life?)March 10 ( Quick-write: What do you know/remember about the Silk Road?)3/63//3/11183/11.
The Mandate of Heaven andHow it affected Dynasties through China’s HistoryThe Mandate of Heaven andHow it affected Dynasties through China’s HistoryThe Mandate of Heaven is a traditional Chinese concept concerning the legitimacy of rulers. The Mandate of Heaven postulates that heaven would bless the authority of a just ruler, as defined by the Five Confucian Relationships, but would be displeased with a bad ruler and would withdraw its mandate, leading the overthrow of that ruler. The Mandate of Heaven would then transfer to those who would rule best. The Mandate of Heaven does not require that a ruler be of noble birth, and people of modest birth sometimes founded dynasties ('Mandate of Heaven.' The concept of the Mandate of Heaven was first used to support the rule of the kings of the Zhou Dynasty and their overthrow of the earlier Shang Dynasty.
It was used throughout the history of China to support the rule of the Emperors. The Mandate is a well-accepted and popular idea among the people of China, as it argues for the removal of incompetent rulers and provided an incentive for rulers to rule well. Philosophers and scholars in ancient China as a way to avoid the abuse of power by the ruler often used the concept, and in many ways had no other way to regulate this power. The Zhou Dynasty used the Mandate to overthrow Xin as he acted atrociously toward his people and doted on his imperial concubine. The tribe of Zhou finally defeated him. This concept is first found in the written records by Duke of Zhou, younger brother of King Wu of Zhou (online).
He is considered by many to have been the originator of the idea. The Duke of Zhou explained to the people of Shang that if their king had not misused his power, his Mandate would not have been taken away. The Shang had legitimized their rule by family connections to divine power and heaven was thought to interact and interfere with earthly rule already.The Chinese mandate of Heaven was established by the Zhou dynasty as a description of how an emperor could rule or be deposed.
It said that as long as the emperor behaved well, then he would be in favor of God and his rule would continue. However, if another clan should receive word the gods that they were displeased with the current dynasty, then you had the right to be overthrown. These signals,(that an dynasty was not being good') could be shown through nature with floods, hurricanes, famine, etc.The European divine right of kings said that a king was essentially a messenger from God' and that his supreme authority was to be obeyed at all costs. It meant that to question the king's authority was to question God.The difference btw the Chinese mandate and the DROkings is that no one is given authority to overthrown the EU kings. If God wanted them removed, then a natural act would happen, and the king would die. Other than that, you were supposed to obey his authority whether you agreed with it or not.
Secondly, in the Chinese one you are supposed to be good or your throne could be taken away. This made you follow strict rituals that were in place by you ancestors. The EU version, the king could be evil and mean, and no one could challenge him.
He didn't have to be nice or good if he didn't' want to. He could do whatever he wants.The similarity is that both are reliant on God giving them their authority.The ' Mandate of Heaven' is an ancient Chinese philosophical concept, which originated during the Zhou Dynasty (1046-256 BCE).this whole stretch of history was charted into different periods called dynasties. If China’s history was like a storybook and the dynasties were the chapters, then the “ Mandate of Heaven” is definitely the essential concept to link the chapters together. However, the “ Mandate of Heaven” model, like most philosophical concepts, actually provides a utopian representation of China’s historical reality due to its over-simplicity.This is not, of course, to completely reject the “ Mandate of Heaven” model as a way of understanding imperial succession and dynastic transmission. Originating in the Zhou dynasty (1045-256BC), the Mandate of Heaven is the philosophical “notion that the supreme ruler earn or lose the Mandate to rule based upon his virtue or lack thereof”1 (Miyamoto, 2011). Basically, Heaven bestow upon an honorable man the right to rule and the dynasty will prosper under his righteous rule, which often includes expanding into foreign lands, gaining economic wealth and a flourishing of culture. However, decadence of rulers or natural disasters would mark the decline of the dynasty, and another individual (who have received the Mandate of Heaven) will then lead a successful rebellion and declare a new dynasty.
This is how one dynasty pass the “baton” to the next dynasty. This concept of.Sons of HeavenJonathan Fenby, 2008Sitting on the Peacock Throne in the Forbidden City in Beijing,. China's emperorspersonified a system based on Confucian teachings which exalted the harmony of societyand the planet, and demanded awe from all. Expressing their majesty and power throughelaborate ceremonials and art, the dynasties which ruled China claimed semi-divinestatus. The ruler was set apart, rarely appearing in public apart from such symbolicoccasions as his procession to the great circular Temple of Heaven in the south of thecapital to offer prayers to the gods. He usually ate alone, choosing from a lavish array ofdishes brought by eunuchs.
At night, his chosen concubine was brought into his chamberwrapped in a red silk gown and laid naked at the foot of his bed.Imperial mythology and Confucian tradition gave social and administrative glue to acountry which covered only 7 per cent of the surface of the globe but contained around afifth of its population. Dynasties operated on the basis of filial piety, the cornerstone ofold values. In return for unquestioning allegiance, the sovereigns promised to bebenevolent, caring for the welfare of their people and invoking divine protection on theirbehalf.
A master-servant relationship ran from the court down to rural villages. Everyman, it was said, regarded those above him as tigers to be feared, and those below him asdogs to be kicked. The empire reached back to 221 BC, when the. HeavenI was aboard on an airship, staring out in the window when I got a glimpse of you. At that mere second, I never knew that the word “perfect” really exists. You were there, sitting, fingers lazily stroking the spine of the book. But what captivated me the most were those hazel orbs staring intently at the leaf as if it was the most dazzling thing ever.
How I wish I was that book.I was aboard on an airship, eyes skimming over the words neatly imprinted in the book. One would get the idea that I was seriously reading the said book.
But my mind was drifting over a boy, sitting meters away from me. He looks so handsome. Do I have a chance with him?At that fateful meeting, one’s destiny was changed.
The once hearts became a heart as the beating synchronized with the other. And soon enough, they will realize that for a wish to become true, someone else in the world will end up losing it, too.The snow painted the lively streets of Shibuya, Tokyo as couples, hand in hand, pass the humungous Christmas tree displayed in the center. No single person was left unaccompanied except for a girl, standing 5’4 feet tall. Her hair was put up in a very neat bun. A few strands were left hanging, complimenting her face. Her petite body was clad in a very simple pink dress with laces at the bottom. No one would’ve been brave enough to go out alone in the couple-filled streets of Japan during Christmas.
But it seems like fate had a different plan, for a man, waving his.Living a Healthy Lifestyle as a Vegetarian: An Annotated BibliographyAnisman-Reiner, Victoria. “Vegetarian Diets Can Be Problematic.” Can Diets Be Harmful?Ed. Christine Watkins. Detroit: Greenhaven Press,2012This article focuses on the Opposition of being a Vegetarian. Victoria Anisman-Reiner believes that Vegetarian diets are problematic & detrimental if not carefully planned and researched.
Vegetarianism can pose possible nutritional deficiencies, in which can lead to unhealthy substitutes vs. Having meat & certain vitamins.This article is being used as support of the opposition. Although many believe in being vegetarian some argue that it is not a healthy diet. It is being discussed in IV B“Becoming a Vegetarian.” Harvard Health Publications Harvard Women’s HealthWatch 10 2009This article will give some basic insight on what’s needed to become a vegetarian. It explains the importance of avoiding meat, protection against major diseases, and also nutritional benefits. In doing so, it requires planning and knowledge of the foods you are eating.I will use this article to support Points II A, B, and C and III A of my outline.
These points provide critical information of what the benefits of being a vegetarian are. I can address the nutritional benefits vs. Nutritional deficiencies as stated in IV B.Hall,Don.
“Why be a Vegetarian?” Vibrant Life May 2010This article will provide me with information on why it is important to be vegetarian.When I think of heaven, I think of complete utter peace, the thought of paradise consumes my mind and a sudden rush of joy floods through my body. It’s a place where im worry-free, tranquil and blissful. The sun's radiant light covers the clouds and penetrates through the orange sky.
Its reflection on the still water is an image of God's most beautiful painting.The freedom of the birds flying in the clouds brings me hope of flying through the heavens and liberating myself from all of my apprehension. It’s a place beyond, filled with butterflies and resounding music. Rivers flow into crystal clear sparkling brooks and streams, and where majestic palaces are built in diamonds and emeralds. A brilliantly coloured rainbow of the brightest blues, reds and yellows form an arch across the sky with shimmering gold oozing out of pots at the end. Grand, giant trees stand tall like soldiers that line heaven's pathway. Each green leaf is made of soft sensuous silk, which gently flops in the cool, fresh breeze. Hanging from the trees are the most succulent and juice fruit that drip with sweet nectar.
Their skins are untainted and unblemished and they hang like glistening chandeliers. There are clusters of tantalizing mangoes and pomegranates, and rosy red apples with the pinkest of pink peaches. Vines full of fleshy, sweet smelling, blood red roses and golf ball sized grapes are found in abundance. Perched on the fruit tree are exotic birds that have.
